Gambling is when people risk money or other assets in an attempt to predict the outcome of a game involving chance, such as scratchcards, fruit machines or betting with friends. The objective is to win more than the amount wagered or, in other words, to profit. Problem gambling is when the behavior takes over and becomes a serious issue. It affects the person’s life and relationships. It also can have an impact on financial stability and employment.
Gambling is often portrayed in the media as fun, glamorous and fashionable; it can offer a natural high when winning, but the reality is much different. It is a high-risk, low-reward activity. People who gamble are influenced by their culture and environment, as well as the social and emotional aspects of their lives. They may be motivated by a desire to gain social status or prestige, feelings of boredom, anxiety or depression. It can even be a way to escape reality and forget about their problems.
Problem gambling is an addictive behavior that hijacks the brain’s learning mechanism through random rewards. When you win, your brain releases dopamine, which reinforces the positive experience, encouraging you to repeat it. However, when you’re losing, your brain doesn’t release the same dopamine, so you end up chasing after those wins even though they’re increasingly unlikely. This explains why, when gambling becomes problematic, it’s no longer about entertainment, but rather about profit or a means of escape.
There are a number of things that can trigger problem gambling, including social pressure to gamble, lack of education about the risks, a family history of disorder or mental illness and underlying issues like poverty, unemployment, abuse or poor mental health. Gambling denies the biblical work ethic which links honest labour with reward and can encourage laziness, which Scripture condemns (e.g. 2 Thessalonians 3:10).
A broad range of research and treatment approaches are available to help people who have a problem with gambling. Various types of therapy can be used to address the underlying issues, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, psychodynamic therapy, family therapy and group therapy. Some individuals may also benefit from a combination of therapies and medication.
Understanding the causes of gambling problems can lead to new strategies for prevention and treatment. Strong regulation of gambling products and a focus on upstream efforts to reduce harm are important, as is the need for clearer messages about the risks of gambling and ways to stop when it is no longer fun. This requires a holistic approach that includes the reduction of stigma and shame, the elimination of advertising and promotion, and other efforts to prevent gambling becoming normalized.