Gambling is an activity where people risk something of value, usually money or material possessions, on an uncertain event whose outcome is determined by chance or accident. An element of risk and uncertainty is a key feature of gambling, which can include activities such as playing cards, dice games, sports betting, horse racing, lottery games, and casino gambling. It can also include social activities such as placing bets with friends, and the use of digital platforms such as online casinos and sports betting.
Most people who gamble do so without problems. However, some people develop a gambling disorder. This is defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as a persistent pattern of gambling that causes significant distress or impairment. Problem gambling can have a negative impact on relationships, work, health and finances and can lead to suicide. People with low incomes and males are more likely to be vulnerable to gambling disorders.
Many different types of gambling are available worldwide. In most countries, there are a wide variety of legal gambling establishments that offer casino-style games and betting. These establishments are regulated to ensure fair play and prevent exploitation. In addition, they are expected to follow strict social, environmental and financial regulations.
Some types of gambling are not regulated and are often illegal. Typically, these are small-scale gambling operations run by friends or family members for personal entertainment. This includes card games, such as poker, blackjack and spades, and social events like horse races or football matches, where participants place bets on the outcome of the event. In many cases, the bets are not for real money but for points or prizes.
Traditionally, most studies on the impacts of gambling have focused on economic costs and benefits, which are easily quantifiable. However, this approach fails to recognize the important impacts of gambling on society that are non-economic in nature and difficult to quantify. These are known as social impacts, and have been identified by Williams et al. and Walker & Barnett [32].
The social impact of gambling can be observed on the individual, interpersonal, and community/society level. Individual impacts affect the gamblers themselves while interpersonal impacts impact those closest to the gamblers – such as their families, friends and colleagues. Community/societal impacts influence those who are not gamblers, and can include the effects of escalating debt into bankruptcy or homelessness.
The best way to protect yourself from the harms of gambling is to recognise if you have a problem and seek help. This may include talking about your gambling with someone who will not judge you, such as a family member or counsellor. It is also advisable to reduce risk factors by setting financial goals, controlling credit card spending and reviewing bank and credit card statements regularly. It is also helpful to find a hobby or recreational activity that can replace gambling as a source of entertainment. Moreover, people with gambling problems should consider seeking treatment from a certified gambling counselor or intensive gambling treatment program.