The geopolitical dynamics of Southeast Asia in the modern era are very complex and influenced by various factors, including major world powers, regional conflicts, and economic developments. Countries in the region, such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore and Vietnam, play a key role in shaping the geopolitical landscape. One important element in this dynamic is the presence of major powers such as the United States and China. Tensions between these two countries are felt in Southeast Asia, especially in the context of trade and military relations. China, which is increasingly aggressive in its foreign policy, especially through the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) project, has inspired many ASEAN countries to seek benefits from the infrastructure investment it offers. Meanwhile, the US is trying to maintain its influence through various alliances and security cooperation. Programs such as Rebalancing Asia are very important to maintain relations with ASEAN countries. The presence of a US military base in Singapore and defense cooperation with other countries further emphasizes US commitment to this region. In addition, the South China Sea issue continues to be a significant source of tension. Countries such as Vietnam and the Philippines face Chinese territorial claims that threaten their sovereignty. ASEAN seeks to unite voices, but differences in interests among members often hinder effective collective action. In an economic context, Southeast Asia is one of the fastest growing regions in the world. Regional economic integration through the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) aims to increase trade and investment cooperation between member countries. However, challenges such as economic inequality and corruption still need to be addressed. Transnational issues, such as terrorism and climate change, also impact geopolitical dynamics. Emerging extremist groups in Indonesia and the Philippines demonstrate the need for stronger regional security cooperation. Meanwhile, climate change is exacerbating the vulnerability of coastal areas, which are a source of life for many countries in the region. On the political side, several countries are experiencing turmoil in government, considering the situation in Myanmar after the military coup in 2021. The humanitarian crisis that occurred has attracted world attention and challenged the collective response of ASEAN, which should function as a mediator in internal conflicts. The geopolitical dynamics of Southeast Asia in the modern era are also driven by technological developments. The digital revolution opens up new opportunities in the economic and communications fields but also creates challenges related to cybersecurity and privacy. The competition between democratic and authoritarian governance models in the region creates a complex environment. Some countries, such as Indonesia and the Philippines, have managed to maintain democratic systems despite challenges. Meanwhile, countries with more authoritarian governments tend to seek legitimacy through economic improvement and stability. Overall, Southeast Asia’s geopolitical dynamics reflect the complex interplay of global forces, domestic challenges, and inevitable social change. The balance between cooperation and conflict remains a critical aspect for the region’s future, so a commitment to dialogue and diplomacy is necessary to maintain stability and prosperity in the modern era.